Which of the following should a participant avoid during their presentation time?

Reading directly from prepared notes during a presentation can significantly detract from the effectiveness of the communication. The primary goal of a presentation is to engage the audience—judges in this case—by conveying ideas clearly and dynamically. When a presenter reads directly from notes, it often comes off as unprepared or disengaged, preventing a connection with the audience.

This method likely limits eye contact and reduces the presenter's ability to adjust their delivery based on audience feedback. Effective presentations typically involve the use of notes as a reference rather than a script, allowing for a more natural and interactive flow. By encouraging spontaneity and a conversational tone, presenters can convey enthusiasm and confidence in their material, which are crucial elements in captivating an audience.

In contrast, the other actions listed, such as engaging with judges, using visual aids effectively, and practicing with a timer, are all strategies that enhance presentation delivery. Engaging directly with judges helps to establish rapport, visual aids can aid in clarifying complex points and maintaining audience interest, while practicing with a timer ensures that the presenter stays within the allotted time and effectively manages pacing throughout the presentation.